The ministry that looks after the development of surface transport throughout the country is the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (earlier known as the Ministry of Surface Transport) in India.

Since your post looks like a quick GK/quiz-style prompt, the concise answer for the title:

“A ministry who looks after development of surface transport throughout country.”
✅ Answer: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (formerly Ministry of Surface Transport).

Bottom note: Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.