what are free radicals

Free radicals are highly reactive atoms or molecules that contain at least one unpaired electron, which makes them unstable and eager to react with other substances in the body or environment. In the body, they are formed naturally during normal metabolism but can also increase with pollution, smoking, UV light, and certain chemicals. When present in excess, they can damage important cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing over time to aging and diseases, while antioxidants help neutralize them and limit this damage.