what causes toothache

Toothache is usually caused by irritation or damage to the nerve-rich inner part of the tooth (the pulp) or the tissues around the tooth, most often from decay, infection, or injury.

Main causes of toothache

• Tooth decay (cavities) : Bacteria in plaque turn sugar into acid, which slowly dissolves tooth enamel and creates holes; when decay reaches the dentin or pulp, it causes sharp or throbbing pain. This is the most common reason for toothache in both children and adults.

• Dental abscess: A pocket of pus from a bacterial infection at the root or in the gums causes severe, constant, often throbbing pain, which may radiate to the jaw, ear, or neck. Swelling of the face or gums, a bad taste in the mouth, or fever can also appear.

• Cracked or damaged tooth: A fracture, chip, or trauma can expose deeper layers of the tooth, causing pain on biting, chewing, or with temperature changes.

• Loose or broken fillings and dental work: Gaps around old fillings or damaged restorations let bacteria and food in, irritating the pulp and causing sensitivity or ache.

• Gum disease: Inflamed or infected gums (gingivitis or periodontitis) can cause dull aching, bleeding gums, bad breath, and sometimes abscesses around teeth.

• Erupting or impacted teeth (often wisdom teeth): When there is not enough space for a tooth to come through, gum infection, pressure, and swelling can cause localized tooth and jaw pain.

• Teeth grinding (bruxism) and jaw problems: Chronic grinding or clenching wears enamel, stresses the ligaments around teeth, and can cause tooth and jaw pain.

Other sources of “tooth” pain

• Sensitive teeth: Worn enamel or exposed roots make teeth hurt with cold, heat, sweetness, or even air.

• Sinus infection: Inflammation in the maxillary sinuses above the upper back teeth can cause pressure and aching that feels like a toothache.

• Jaw joint issues or injury: Problems in the jaw joint or trauma to the face can create pain that feels like it comes from teeth.

When it’s urgent

Seek same-day or emergency dental/medical care if:

• Pain is severe, constant, or wakes you from sleep.

• There is facial swelling, difficulty swallowing or breathing, fever, or feeling very unwell, which can signal a spreading infection.

Bottom note: Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.