what is major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mental health condition marked by persistent low mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in activities for at least two weeks, with symptoms that can affect sleep, appetite, energy, concentration, and daily functioning.

Quick Scoop

MDD is also called clinical depression. It is more than feeling sad for a day or two; it is a diagnosable disorder that can significantly interfere with work, relationships, and everyday life.

Common symptoms

People with MDD may experience:

• Persistent sadness or emptiness.

• Loss of interest or pleasure in things they used to enjoy.

• Sleep changes, appetite changes, low energy, or poor concentration.

• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

• In some cases, thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

How it is treated

Treatment often includes psychotherapy , antidepressant medication , or both. For some people, other treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy , TMS , or newer options may be used, especially when depression is severe or treatment-resistant.

When to get help

If someone has symptoms for two weeks or more, or if there are any thoughts of self-harm, it is important to seek professional help promptly. If you want, I can also give you a simple one-paragraph definition , symptoms checklist , or treatment overview.