What is Peak Inverse Voltage?

Peak inverse voltage (PIV) is the maximum reverse voltage a diode can withstand without breaking down. In simple terms, it tells you how much voltage can safely appear across a diode when it is blocked or reverse- biased.

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Quick Scoop

In rectifier circuits, PIV matters because a diode must survive the highest reverse voltage it sees during operation. If the reverse voltage goes above its PIV rating, the diode can fail or get damaged.

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Why it matters

• Protects the diode: The diode must be rated above the circuit’s maximum reverse voltage.
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• Helps choose the right rectifier: Different rectifier designs put different reverse stresses on diodes.
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• Prevents breakdown: Exceeding PIV can cause avalanche or zener breakdown in the device.
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Simple example

If a half-wave rectifier has a peak input voltage of 100 V, the diode’s PIV must be at least 100 V, and usually higher for safety margin. In a center-tapped full-wave rectifier, the PIV on each diode is about twice the peak secondary voltage, while in a bridge rectifier it is closer to the peak input voltage.

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In one line

PIV = the highest reverse voltage a diode can safely block.

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TL;DR: Peak inverse voltage is the diode’s reverse-voltage limit, and it is a key rating for safe rectifier design.

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