what is the state that authority, management, data, decisions, etc., are not concentrated in but are distributed across multiple entities?

The term you’re looking for is usually decentralization or distributed authority. If you mean authority, management, data, and decision-making are spread across multiple entities instead of being controlled by one central body, federated governance can also be a close fit.

Best-fit terms

• Decentralization : power and control are moved away from a single central point.
• Distributed authority : decision-making is shared across multiple people, teams, or bodies.
• Federated governance : a hybrid model where some control stays central, but execution and decisions are shared across units.

In plain language

If you’re describing a system where no single entity holds all the authority and different groups manage their own part, decentralized is the most common everyday word.

If you want a more formal management or organizational term, distributed authority is often the best match.

Quick example

A company with one headquarters making all decisions is centralized.
A company where regional teams decide on operations, data handling, or local policies is decentralized or federated.

If you want, I can also give you the single best word depending on whether you mean government, business, IT, or blockchain.