what kind of gun is used in the biathlon

Biathletes use a smallbore .22 caliber rifle, specifically chambered in .22 Long Rifle (also called 5.6 mm rimfire), with a five‑round magazine and strict weight and safety rules.

Key specs in simple terms

• Caliber: .22 LR rimfire (about 5.6 mm).

• Magazine: Typically 5‑round clips, because athletes shoot five targets per bout.

• Minimum weight: At least about 3.5 kg so it’s stable and not too “whippy” when carried on the back while skiing.

• Velocity & bullet: Standard .22 LR match ammo, lead bullets with regulated weight and maximum muzzle velocity for safety and consistency.

• Action: Usually a straight‑pull “Fortner”-style bolt for very fast cycling between shots.

A well‑known example many Olympic biathletes use is the Anschutz 1827 Fortner, a purpose‑built biathlon rifle in .22 LR.