what type of material is obtained when an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with pentavalent impurity?

When an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with a pentavalent impurity, it becomes an n-type semiconductor.

In n-type material, electrons act as the majority charge carriers because the pentavalent atoms contribute extra electrons to the crystal.

Quick Scoop

• Base material: intrinsic (pure) semiconductor like silicon or germanium.

• Doping element: pentavalent impurity (5 valence electrons), e.g., phosphorus, arsenic.

• Resulting type of material: n-type semiconductor (also an extrinsic semiconductor).

• Key feature: majority carriers are electrons; holes become minority carriers.

One-line exam-style answer

What type of material is obtained when an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with pentavalent impurity?
Answer: n-type semiconductor.

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