when homologous chromosomes exchange genes it is called

When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, it is called crossing over (also known more generally as genetic recombination).

What is crossing over?

• During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up side by side.
• At points called chiasmata , they swap equal segments of their chromatids, exchanging genes between the maternal and paternal chromosomes.

• This gene exchange is what is specifically referred to as crossing over.

Why is crossing over important?

• It creates new combinations of alleles on each chromosome, increasing genetic variation in offspring.

• It also helps homologous chromosomes align and segregate properly so gametes get the correct chromosome number.

Related key terms

• Homologous chromosomes : A matched pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, with the same genes in the same order.

• Genetic recombination : Any process that results in new combinations of genetic material; in meiosis between homologous chromosomes, this occurs via crossing over.

TL;DR: When homologous chromosomes exchange genes, the process is called crossing over , a type of genetic recombination that increases variation in sexually reproducing organisms.

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