which countries were bound to each other by which alliance?

For this kind of question, history textbooks and exam questions almost always mean the pre–First World War alliance system in Europe, unless another period is clearly specified. The main alliances and the countries “bound to each other” were:

Pre–World War I alliance blocks

Triple Alliance (1882)

This was a defensive alliance originally agreed in 1882.

• Germany
• Austria‑Hungary
• Italy

Italy later refused to fight alongside Germany and Austria‑Hungary in 1914 and eventually joined their enemies, but on paper it was part of the Triple Alliance before the war.

Triple Entente

This was not a single formal treaty like the Triple Alliance, but a network of agreements that effectively bound three powers together politically and militarily:

• France
• Russia
• Great Britain (United Kingdom)

By 1914, these three formed the core of the Entente powers that opposed the Triple Alliance.

“Quick Scoop” style recap

In the run‑up to World War I, Europe was split into two tight‑knit camps:
One side was the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria‑Hungary, Italy), the other was the Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain). When crisis hit in 1914, these alliances helped turn a regional conflict into a world war.

Simple Q&A style (like on an assignment)

• Which countries were bound to each other by the Triple Alliance?
  Germany, Austria‑Hungary, and Italy.

• Which countries were bound to each other by the Triple Entente?
  France, Russia, and Great Britain.

HTML table (as requested)

html

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Alliance</th>
      <th>Member countries</th>
      <th>Notes</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Triple Alliance (1882)</td>
      <td>Germany, Austria‑Hungary, Italy [web:10]</td>
      <td>Defensive military alliance; Italy stayed neutral in 1914 and later joined the Entente.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Triple Entente</td>
      <td>France, Russia, Great Britain (United Kingdom) [web:8]</td>
      <td>Series of agreements that created a powerful counter‑bloc to the Triple Alliance.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

TL;DR:
Before World War I, Europe’s key alliances were the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria‑Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Russia, Britain); these bound the major powers into rival camps and made any local conflict dangerously explosive.

Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.