which of the following is not a characteristic of arguments?

The option that is not a characteristic of arguments is:
“Arguments are primarily based on emotions and opinions.”

Core idea

• In critical thinking and communication studies, arguments are defined as claims supported by reasons and evidence, not just feelings or personal opinions.

• Good arguments may acknowledge emotions and values, but they rely mainly on logic, evidence, and clear reasoning.

Common characteristics of arguments

Most textbooks and university communication departments describe arguments with features like these:

• They offer a claim plus supporting reasons and evidence.
• They participate in an ongoing conversation or debate about an issue.

• They address controversies or disagreements where reasonable people can differ.

• They are often connected to values and assumptions that people care about.

• They recognize the complexity of issues instead of treating them as simple “yes or no” matters.

Why “based on emotions and opinions” is wrong

• Saying arguments are “primarily based on emotions and opinions” suggests that feelings alone are enough, which contradicts the standard definition of argument as reasoned, evidence-based discourse.

• Emotion can be a persuasive element, but when it replaces evidence and reasoning, the result is not considered a strong or proper argument in academic and professional contexts.

TL;DR:
Among the listed options, the one that is not a true characteristic of arguments is the claim that arguments are “primarily based on emotions and opinions.”

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