which two components are most likely found in both viruses and prokaryotic cells?

The two components most likely found in both viruses and prokaryotic cells are proteins and nucleic acids.

What both have

Both viruses and prokaryotic cells contain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that store genetic information used to make new particles or cells. They also both contain proteins, which form structural parts (like viral capsids or bacterial ribosomes) and carry out functional roles such as enzymes.

Why not the other options

Many quiz versions of this question contrast proteins and nucleic acids with combinations like “nucleic acids and carbohydrates” or “lipids and proteins.” Carbohydrates are not universal features of viruses, and lipids are only present in some viruses that have envelopes, so those pairs are less likely to be found in both all viruses and all prokaryotic cells.

Tiny story to remember it

Imagine both a virus and a bacterial cell as “instruction boxes”:

• The nucleic acids are the written instructions for making more of themselves.
• The proteins are the parts and tools that help build, protect, and sometimes deliver those instructions.
  No matter how different they look, both boxes always need those two essentials.

Answer for your title: which two components are most likely found in both viruses and prokaryotic cells? → Proteins and nucleic acids.

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