at constant temperature, when the volume of a gas is decreased, what happens to its pressure?
At constant temperature, decreasing the volume of a gas causes its pressure to increase. This follows from Boyle's Law, a key principle in gas behavior first observed by Robert Boyle in the 17th century.
Why Pressure Increases
Boyle's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure (PPP) and volume (VVV) are inversely proportional: P1V1=P2V2P_1V_1=P_2V_2P1V1=P2V2.
When volume shrinks, gas molecules collide more frequently with container walls, boosting pressure.
Imagine squeezing air into a smaller bike pump—the resistance you feel is that rising pressure.
The Formula in Action
- Initial state : Say P1=1P_1=1P1=1 atm, V1=10V_1=10V1=10 L.
- Halve the volume : V2=5V_2=5V2=5 L, so P2=2P_2=2P2=2 atm (doubles).
- Quarter it : V2=2.5V_2=2.5V2=2.5 L, P2=4P_2=4P2=4 atm.
This holds for ideal gases under normal conditions.
Real-World Example
Think of a syringe: Pull the plunger out (bigger volume), pressure drops; push it in (smaller volume), pressure surges—demonstrating Boyle's Law live. Scuba divers manage tank pressures similarly to avoid issues underwater.
Quick Math Breakdown
P∝1V(at constant T)P\propto \frac{1}{V}\quad \text{(at constant }T\text{)}P∝V1(at constant T)
Reducing VVV by half multiplies PPP by 2.
TL;DR: Volume down, pressure up—straight from Boyle's Law.
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