Homologous chromosomes get separated during anaphase I of meiosis I.

During anaphase I, each homologous chromosome in a pair is pulled toward opposite poles of the cell, while the sister chromatids of each chromosome stay joined at their centromere. This reductional division is what halves the chromosome number, distinguishing meiosis I from meiosis II, where sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes) separate in anaphase II.