how does anaphase ii differ from anaphase i?

Anaphase I and anaphase II differ mainly in what is being pulled apart and what kind of cells they produce in meiosis.
Core difference (one-line)
- Anaphase I: homologous chromosome pairs separate.
- Anaphase II: sister chromatids separate.
Quick Scoop: Side‑by‑side view
| Feature | Anaphase I (Meiosis I) | Anaphase II (Meiosis II) |
|---|---|---|
| What separates? | Homologous chromosomes (each still made of two sister chromatids) move to opposite poles. | [5][1][3]Sister chromatids of each chromosome split at the centromere and move to opposite poles. | [9][1][3][5]
| Chromosome number effect | Reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid (reduction division). | [7][1][5]Keeps chromosome number haploid but changes duplicated chromosomes into single-chromatid chromosomes. | [1][5][7]
| Centromere status | Centromeres do not split; sister chromatids stay attached. | [3][5][1]Centromeres split; sister chromatids separate. | [5][9][1][3]
| Outcome per starting cell | Two haploid cells, each with duplicated chromosomes. | [7][5]Four haploid cells total (from the original meiosis), each with unduplicated chromosomes. | [9][5][7]
| Similarity to mitosis | Unique to meiosis; no exact mitotic equivalent because homologous pairs separate. | [5][9]Very similar to mitotic anaphase, where sister chromatids separate. | [1][9][5]
Simple story to remember it
Imagine a pair of similar shoes from two parents:
- In anaphase I, the “parent pairs” get split: one shoe from mum goes to one side, one from dad to the other side (homologous chromosomes separate).
- In anaphase II, each individual shoe’s laces are undone so the left and right halves are pulled apart (sister chromatids separate).
So, anaphase I = split the pairs , anaphase II = split the copies.
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