The Mongol Empire lasted for about 160 years as a unified, great power, from its official founding in 1206 to the fall of the Yuan dynasty in 1368.

Quick Scoop: Timeline at a Glance

  • Start: 1206 – Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan and unites the Mongol tribes, marking the formal birth of the Mongol Empire.
  • Peak: Mid‑13th century – Under Genghis Khan’s sons and grandsons, the empire stretches from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe, becoming the largest contiguous land empire in history.
  • Fragmentation: Late 13th century – After Kublai Khan’s reign (ends 1294), the empire effectively splits into separate khanates (Golden Horde, Ilkhanate, Chagatai, Yuan).
  • End of the unified empire: 1368 – The Yuan dynasty in China is overthrown by the Ming; Mongol rule is driven out of Beijing, a common marker for the end of the Mongol Empire as a single imperial structure.

So, in simple terms, when people ask “how long did the Mongol Empire last?” , historians usually mean:

  • Approx. 1206–1368
  • Around 150–160 years as a unified empire.

Some scholars also note that Mongol-ruled states (like the Golden Horde in Russia) continued in various forms even after 1368, but by then they were separate successor states , not one empire.

TL;DR: The Mongol Empire, as a single empire founded by Genghis Khan, lasted roughly a century and a half—from 1206 to about 1368.

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