how small are the microorganisms that live on and in the human body?
Microorganisms on and in your body are incredibly tiny—most are so small that millions could fit on the head of a pin.
How Small Are These Microorganisms?
Typical size range
Most of the microbes that live on and in the human body (especially bacteria) fall in this rough size range:
- Bacteria: about 0.5 to 5 micrometers in length (1 micrometer is one‑millionth of a meter).
- Common human cells: about 10–20 micrometers across, so a human cell is often several times larger than a bacterial cell.
- Viruses (also part of the human microbiome): roughly 20–300 nanometers, which is about 10–100 times smaller than many bacteria.
A helpful way to picture it: if a typical human cell were the size of a cantaloupe , many bacteria would be more like blueberries around it.
Where Are These Microbes Living?
Your personal “microbe cloud” is called the human microbiome , and it lives:
- On the skin (including the face, scalp, armpits, and feet).
- In the mouth (saliva, tongue, dental plaque).
- Throughout the gut , especially the large intestine, which contains the densest populations.
- In other moist areas like the nose and urogenital tract.
Even though these organisms are tiny, there are roughly 39 trillion microbial cells living with you, a number similar to your total human cell count.
How Tiny Are They Compared to You?
To get a sense of scale:
- A human hair is about 70 micrometers thick, so many common bacteria are about 1/100 the width of a hair.
- Because they’re so small, all the bacteria in your body together weigh only about 1–3% of your body mass, even though they number in the tens of trillions.
- You could fit dozens of bacteria across the diameter of a single human cell.
Mini Story: A Walk on Your Skin
Imagine shrinking down until your height is one micrometer.
You step out onto a patch of your forearm:
- The “ground” is a landscape of skin cells that, to you, look like boulders.
- Between them are warm, moist crevices—perfect valleys where bacterial communities cluster and form biofilms.
- Every droplet of sweat is like a pond, and a single flake of skin is a massive plateau teeming with life.
From that perspective, your body is less like a single organism and more like an entire planet for microscopic life, with different climates (oily, dry, acidic, oxygen‑poor) that select for different species.
Quick Facts at a Glance
- Most body‑associated bacteria: 0.5–5 micrometers long.
- Typical human cell: around 10 micrometers or more across.
- Viruses in the microbiome: tens to hundreds of nanometers.
- Total microbes on/in a person: about 39 trillion cells.
- Their combined mass: roughly 1–3% of your body weight.
Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.