how to cite a journal article apa
To cite a journal article in APA (7th ed.), you need two things: an in-text citation and a reference list entry. Here’s the quick scoop plus examples you can copy and adapt.
Basic APA journal article format
Reference list format (APA 7)
General structure for a journal article with a DOI:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of the article in sentence case. Title of the Journal in Title Case, Volume(Issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Key rules:
- Authors: Last name first, then initials (e.g., Smith, J. R.).
- Year: In parentheses, followed by a period.
- Article title: Sentence case (only first word, first word after colon, and proper nouns capitalized), not italicized.
- Journal title: Title case and italicized.
- Volume number: Italicized.
- Issue number: In parentheses right after the volume, not italicized.
- Page range: Use hyphen (e.g., 123–145).
- DOI: Present as a URL if available.
Example:
Gleditsch, N. P., Pinker, S., Thayer, B. A., Levy, J. S., & Thompson, W. R. (2013). The forum: The decline of war. International Studies Review, 15(3), 396–419. [https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx1]
If there is no DOI and you accessed it in print, end it after the page range:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), page–page.
If there is no DOI but it’s from a website (open web), add the URL:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), page–page. URL
In-text citations (APA 7)
Basic patterns
- One author:
- Narrative: Smith (2020) argued that…
- Parenthetical: (Smith, 2020).
- Two authors:
- Narrative: Smith and Lee (2020) found…
- Parenthetical: (Smith & Lee, 2020).
- Three or more authors: Use et al. from the first citation.
- Narrative: Martins et al. (2023) reported…
- Parenthetical: (Martins et al., 2023).
Quoting vs. paraphrasing
- Paraphrase: (Author, Year).
- Direct quote: (Author, Year, p. X) or (Author, Year, pp. X–Y).
Example (paraphrase):
Researchers suggest violence has declined over time (Gleditsch et al., 2013).
Example (quote):
“War has become increasingly rare” (Gleditsch et al., 2013, p. 400).
Mini how‑to: step-by-step
- Find the core details on the article’s first page or database record:
- Author(s)
- Year
- Article title
- Journal title
- Volume
- Issue
- Page range
- DOI or URL
- Format the reference using the template:
- Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI/URL.
- Create your in-text citation :
- Choose narrative (Author, Year in sentence) or parenthetical ((Author, Year) at end).
- Check capitalization & italics:
- Article = sentence case, not italicized.
- Journal title & volume = title case and italicized.
Special cases you’ll see a lot
- Many authors (up to 20): List them all in the reference, separated by commas, ampersand before final author.
- 21+ authors: List first 19 authors, then “…”, then final author.
- Online-only article with DOI but no pages: Omit page range, keep DOI.
Example (no pages):
Pollak, A. N., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2019). Title of article. Title of Journal, 24(2). [https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx9]
One clean example to copy
Imagine you read this article:
- Authors: Martins, L., Gomez, R. A., & Chu, T.
- Year: 2023
- Title: Social media habits of university students
- Journal: Journal of Digital Behavior
- Volume: 12
- Issue: 4
- Pages: 210–230
- DOI: 10.1234/jdb.2023.4567
Your reference :
Martins, L., Gomez, R. A., & Chu, T. (2023). Social media habits of university students. Journal of Digital Behavior, 12(4), 210–230. [https://doi.org/10.1234/jdb.2023.45673]
Your in-text citations :
- Narrative: Martins et al. (2023) found that students check social media more than ten times a day.
- Parenthetical: Students check social media more than ten times a day (Martins et al., 2023).
HTML table: quick visual guide
Here’s a compact HTML table you can drop into a blog or note:
html
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Element</th>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>Key APA 7 tip</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Author(s)</td>
<td>Smith, J. R., & Lee, K. T.</td>
<td>Last name, initials; use & before final author.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Year</td>
<td>(2020).</td>
<td>In parentheses, followed by a period.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Article title</td>
<td>Effects of sleep on memory.</td>
<td>Sentence case, not italicized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Journal title</td>
<td><i>Journal of Cognitive Science</i></td>
<td>Title case and italicized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Volume & issue</td>
<td><i>15</i>(3)</td>
<td>Volume italicized; issue in parentheses, not italicized.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pages</td>
<td>396–419.</td>
<td>Use an en dash and end with a period if no DOI/URL.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DOI/URL</td>
<td>https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx</td>
<td>Use DOI as URL when available.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
TL;DR: For a journal article in APA, think “Author. Year. Article title. Journal , volume(issue), pages, DOI/URL” plus a simple (Author, Year) in- text. Once you learn that rhythm, you can cite almost any article smoothly.
Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.