In Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution, the judicial power is vested in “one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”

That means:

  • The power under Article 3 is vested in the federal courts (the Supreme Court and any lower federal courts Congress creates).
  • This “judicial power of the United States” is the authority to decide actual cases and controversies and issue binding judgments.