The correctly ordered list is: Structuralism → Functionalism → Behaviorism → Humanism.

Why this order?

  • Structuralism was the earliest of these perspectives, associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener in the late 19th century, focusing on the structure of conscious experience.
  • Functionalism followed, influenced by William James, emphasizing the purpose or function of mental processes and behavior in adapting to the environment.
  • Behaviorism emerged in the early 20th century with figures like John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, focusing on observable behavior rather than internal mental states.
  • Humanism developed later, in the mid-20th century, with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow emphasizing free will, personal growth, and self-actualization, often called a “third force” after psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

So, if you are choosing from multiple-choice options, select the one that lists: structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism.

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