In 1613, the original Globe Theatre in London burned down during a performance of Henry VIII (also called All Is True). The fire started when a theatrical cannon or stage effect misfired and ignited the theatre’s thatched roof.

What happened

The performance was going smoothly until the cannon shot sent burning material into the roof, and the fire spread fast through the flammable thatch. Contemporary accounts say the building was destroyed, but there were no known fatalities, and one man reportedly put out his burning clothes with ale.

Aftermath

The Globe was rebuilt the following year with a tile roof instead of thatch. The rebuilt theatre continued until the theatres were closed in 1642.

TL;DR: The Globe Theatre burned in 1613 because a cannon effect during Henry VIII set its thatched roof on fire.