An independent variable is the thing you change or control, and a dependent variable is the thing you measure to see what happens.

Quick Scoop

Think of it like this:

  • Independent variable = the cause or input.
  • Dependent variable = the effect or outcome.

Simple example

If you want to know whether more study time improves test scores :

  • Study time is the independent variable because it is what you change.
  • Test score is the dependent variable because it is what you measure.

Easy way to remember

Ask:

  • What am I changing? That is usually the independent variable.
  • What am I measuring? That is usually the dependent variable.

If you want, I can also give you:

  • a one-sentence definition ,
  • science class examples ,
  • or a practice question.