What is CPT and OPT

CPT and OPT are U.S. work authorization options for international students on F-1 visas. CPT stands for Curricular Practical Training, and OPT stands for Optional Practical Training.

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Quick Scoop

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Program Meaning When used Main rule
CPT Work tied to your curriculum During your studies Usually must be part of your academic program
OPT Work related to your major Before or after graduation Not required by the curriculum, but must relate to your field of study

CPT

CPT is for practical training that is built into your degree, such as an internship, practicum, or co-op. It is typically used while you are still enrolled, and the work must align with your academic program.

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One important point is that full-time CPT for 12 months can affect OPT eligibility, while part-time CPT usually does not.

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OPT

OPT lets F-1 students work in a job related to their major. It can be used before graduation as pre-completion OPT or after graduation as post-completion OPT.

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Some STEM students may also qualify for a STEM OPT extension, which can lengthen the post-completion work period.

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Main difference

  • CPT is tied to your course or degree requirements, while OPT is tied to your field of study but not necessarily required by the program.
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  • CPT is generally used before graduation, while OPT can be used before or after graduation.
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  • CPT is often coordinated through your school, while OPT is an immigration-authorized work benefit.
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Simple example

If a student has to complete an internship to finish their business degree, that may be CPT. If the same student graduates and later works in a business-related job for training, that may be OPT.

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Bottom note

The short version is: CPT is school-linked training during study, and OPT is major-related work training that can happen during or after study.

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