Stomata mainly control gas exchange and water loss in plants.

Basic function

  • Stomata are tiny pores in leaves and young stems that allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and oxygen to exit as a waste gas.
  • When open, they also let water vapour escape in a process called transpiration, which helps cool the plant but can lead to water loss.

Extra roles

  • By opening and closing, stomata regulate how much water the plant loses and help maintain moisture balance, especially in dry conditions.
  • They also adjust gas exchange according to light, carbon dioxide level, and humidity, helping the plant stay healthy and efficient.