Tissue culture in Class 10 refers to a method of growing new plants from a small piece of plant tissue in a sterile, artificial medium under controlled conditions.

Simple Class 10 definition

You can write in exam language:

Tissue culture is a technique in which a small piece of plant tissue is taken from a parent plant and grown on a sterile, nutrient-rich medium to produce many new, identical plants.

This process is also called micropropagation because many plants are produced from a very small amount of plant material.

How tissue culture works (stepwise)

For Class 10, you mainly need the basic idea, not deep lab details:

  1. A small piece of tissue (explant) is taken from the growing tip or any actively dividing part of a healthy plant.
  1. The tissue is cleaned and kept free from microbes (sterilised).
  1. It is placed in an artificial nutrient medium containing water, minerals, sugars, vitamins, and plant hormones.
  1. Cells divide rapidly to form a mass of undifferentiated cells called a callus.
  1. By changing hormones, the callus develops tiny roots and shoots and forms small plantlets.
  1. These plantlets are transferred to soil, where they grow into normal, mature plants.

Key features to remember for exams

  • Uses a very small piece of plant (explant).
  • Done in a sterile, controlled environment (lab conditions).
  • Uses artificial nutrient medium with hormones.
  • Produces many plants that are genetically identical (clones) to the parent plant.

Advantages of tissue culture (Class 10 points)

  • Large number of plants produced in a short time.
  • Plants produced are genetically identical and show the same desirable characters (e.g., good yield, colour, taste).
  • Disease-free plants can be obtained from healthy parent tissue.
  • Useful for rare and ornamental plants and for crops where seeds are few or don’t germinate well.

Example you can quote

  • Growing many new banana, sugarcane, or orchid plants from a tiny piece of tissue from a healthy parent plant using tissue culture in a laboratory.

TL;DR:
Tissue culture (Class 10) is a lab technique where a small piece of plant tissue is grown on a sterile nutrient medium to produce many identical, often disease‑free plants, quickly and in large numbers.

Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.