The very first document that officially directed how the United States should be governed was the Articles of Confederation.

Quick Scoop

The Articles of Confederation were agreed to by the Continental Congress in 1777 and fully ratified by all 13 states in 1781, making them the nation’s first formal frame of government. They created a loose union of largely independent states tied together by a very weak central government, which is why the system was later replaced by the U.S. Constitution in 1789.

Why Not the Constitution?

Many people think of the Constitution as the ā€œfirstā€ governing document, but it actually came later as a replacement for the Articles. The Constitution was drafted in 1787 specifically because the Articles of Confederation proved too weak to handle taxation, trade, and national defense effectively.

What About the Declaration?

The Declaration of Independence (1776) is often called the ā€œfounding documentā€ of the United States, but its purpose was to announce and justify separation from Britain, not to spell out a detailed system of government. Only with the Articles of Confederation did the new United States adopt an official written structure for how the national government should operate.

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