Modern U.S. voting machines are mostly assembled in the United States, but many internal electronic components come from a global supply chain that includes countries like China and the Philippines. The main companies in this space base their headquarters and final assembly operations in North America, especially the U.S. and Canada.

Big picture

  • The dominant U.S. vendors are Election Systems & Software (ES&S), Dominion Voting Systems, and Hart InterCivic.
  • These firms emphasize that final configuration and assembly of voting machines used in U.S. elections happens in the U.S., even though many parts are sourced abroad.

ES&S (largest U.S. supplier)

  • ES&S says all final hardware configuration of its voting machines is done exclusively in the United States.
  • It uses a “global supply chain,” sourcing some electronic components from countries including China, and says those parts are tested and verified before certification.

Dominion Voting Systems

  • Dominion was founded in Toronto, Canada, and maintains headquarters in Toronto and Denver, with software development in the U.S., Canada, and Serbia.
  • Its equipment is used widely in U.S. and Canadian elections, but specific factory locations for hardware production are not as publicly detailed; the firm presents itself as a North American-based manufacturer and software developer.

Why you hear about “China parts”

  • Shipping and supply-chain records examined by journalists show that many electronics and tablets used inside some U.S. voting machines were manufactured in China and the Philippines.
  • Vendors respond that:
    • Basic components (like capacitors and resistors) are commonly sourced from Asia across the electronics industry.
* Final assembly, configuration, and certification of election systems occur under U.S. security and testing standards.

Historical note

  • Earlier generations of mechanical and lever voting machines in the 20th century were made by U.S. companies like AVM Corporation and Shoup Voting Machine Corporation, with equipment produced domestically for states such as Louisiana.
  • Today’s systems have shifted to electronic tabulators and ballot scanners, which rely on a more globalized electronics manufacturing ecosystem, even when the machines are assembled and tested in North America.

Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.