Albert Einstein lived in several countries during his life, most notably in Germany, Switzerland, and the United States, where he spent his final decades in Princeton, New Jersey. His movements closely followed his studies, academic appointments, and later his escape from rising antisemitism in Europe.

Early years in Europe

Einstein was born in Ulm in the Kingdom of Württemberg, in what is now Germany, but his family soon moved to Munich, where he spent much of his childhood. Financial difficulties later pushed the family to relocate to Italy, living in cities such as Pavia while young Einstein continued his education.

Student life in Switzerland

As a teenager he moved to Switzerland, living in Aarau to finish secondary school before enrolling at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School (ETH Zurich) in Zurich. During and after his studies he lived in Swiss cities including Zurich and Bern, where he worked at the patent office and wrote many of his groundbreaking 1905 papers.

Academic posts in Central Europe

Einstein later held academic positions in Prague and Berlin, leading him to live in both cities for extended periods. In Berlin he became a leading figure in the scientific community and director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics, making the city his main base before the rise of the Nazi regime.

Life and home in Princeton

In 1933, fleeing Nazi persecution, Einstein emigrated to the United States and settled in Princeton, New Jersey, where he accepted a position at the Institute for Advanced Study. From 1935 until his death in 1955 he lived at 112 Mercer Street in Princeton, a modest house that became his primary home and a symbol of his later life.

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