The correct answer is: nucleic acids.

Why nucleic acids?

  • Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store and transmit genetic information, acting as the blueprint for all inherited traits.
  • DNA sequences (genes) determine which proteins are made, and those proteins shape how traits appear in an organism.

Role of the other options

  • Gametes (sperm and egg) carry DNA from parents to offspring, but they are just the vehicles; they do not “control” the information itself.
  • Amino acids are the building blocks used to assemble proteins, so they are important for structure and function, but not the original source of trait instructions.
  • Proteins carry out cell functions and give rise to visible traits (like pigment, muscle structure, enzymes), but they are products of DNA, not the controllers of inheritance.

Quick Scoop summary

When asking “which has the most control of traits and inheritance? gametes, nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins,” think about where the instructions live.
Gametes deliver the genetic package, amino acids and proteins build and run the body, but nucleic acids (especially DNA) hold and pass on the code that actually determines inherited traits across generations.

TL;DR: Traits and inheritance are controlled primarily by nucleic acids (DNA).