Before starting chest compressions, you should first check that the scene is safe, assess the person’s responsiveness and breathing, and activate emergency medical services (call 911 or your local emergency number).

Key steps before compressions

  • Ensure the environment is safe for you, the victim, and bystanders so you do not become a second victim.
  • Check responsiveness by tapping the person and shouting, and quickly assess whether they are breathing normally or only gasping.
  • Call emergency services (or direct a specific bystander to call) and, if available, have someone bring an AED before you begin compressions.
  • Position the person flat on their back on a firm surface so compressions can be effective.

If your question is multiple‑choice

In most CPR exam or quiz questions phrased as “Which of the following actions should you take before starting compressions?”, the best answer typically corresponds to one of the following, depending on the options given:

  • “Check that the scene is safe.”
  • “Confirm unresponsiveness and abnormal or absent breathing.”
  • “Activate emergency medical services (call 911) and get an AED.”

If you share the exact answer choices, the most appropriate option can be pinpointed more precisely. Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.