Two Space Shuttles were destroyed in catastrophic accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003. Challenger broke apart shortly after launch, and Columbia disintegrated during reentry.

Which ones

  • Challenger — exploded 73 seconds after liftoff on January 28, 1986.
  • Columbia — broke apart on reentry on February 1, 2003.

Quick note

If you mean “blew up” in the broad sense of being lost in a fatal mission accident, those are the only two NASA Space Shuttle orbiters that were destroyed.

If you want, I can also give you a one-line cause for each disaster.