why does hamlet repeatedly say to ophelia, get thee to a nunnery?
Hamlet repeats “Get thee to a nunnery” to Ophelia because he is rejecting her, attacking the idea of love and marriage, and venting his disgust at human sinfulness, especially women’s perceived sexual betrayal. The phrase carries a double edge: it can mean both “go to a convent and stay pure” and, in Elizabethan slang, “go to a brothel,” turning it into a vicious insult. His repetition shows his emotional turmoil and helps push Ophelia toward her tragic breakdown.
The line in the play
- The words appear in Act 3, Scene 1, just after Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy, during a tense encounter that Claudius and Polonius secretly watch.
- Hamlet suddenly shifts from seemingly tender to aggressively cruel, denying his love and hammering “Get thee to a nunnery” at Ophelia multiple times.
What “nunnery” means
- On the surface, a nunnery is a convent, so Hamlet seems to urge Ophelia to escape marriage and sexuality, live chastely, and avoid “breeding sinners.”
- In Elizabethan slang, “nunnery” was also used for a brothel, so the line can imply that Ophelia is or will become sexually corrupt, making the phrase a bitter, misogynistic taunt.
Why Hamlet says it repeatedly
- Hamlet insists she “go to a nunnery” so she will not marry, not have children, and thus not bring more “knaves” like him into a corrupt world.
- The repetition underscores his conviction that marriage is rotten and that women deceive men; it turns his private heartbreak and anger at Gertrude into a general condemnation of women and relationships.
Madness, misogyny, or protection?
- Many readings see the speech as proof of Hamlet’s misogyny and/or madness: he calls men “arrant knaves” yet puts the burden of blame and temptation on women.
- Some critics argue he is also, in a twisted way, trying to protect Ophelia from the dangerous, corrupt court that he knows is spying on them, urging her to withdraw from that world entirely.
- The ambiguity—cruel insult and possible protective impulse at once—matches Hamlet’s own psychological conflict and the play’s obsession with appearance versus reality.
Impact on Ophelia and the scene
- The repeated command devastates Ophelia, who has been used by her father and the king and now feels abandoned and verbally assaulted by Hamlet.
- This scene becomes a turning point: Hamlet’s harsh rejection feeds into Ophelia’s later madness and death, while Claudius, hearing the exchange, concludes Hamlet is dangerous in a political, not merely romantic, way.
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