The Ottoman Empire officially fell on November 1, 1922 , when the Grand National Assembly of Turkey formally abolished the Ottoman Sultanate, ending over 600 years of rule.

Key Timeline

This marked the culmination of a long decline accelerated by World War I defeats and internal nationalist movements.

  • October 30, 1918 : Armistice of Mudros signed after Ottoman surrender in WWI, leading to Allied occupation.
  • 1920–1922 : Turkish War of Independence under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against partition plans in the unratified Treaty of Sèvres.
  • November 1, 1922 : Sultanate abolished; last Sultan Mehmed VI exiled on November 17.
  • July 24, 1923 : Treaty of Lausanne recognized the Republic of Turkey, fully dissolving imperial remnants.
  • March 3, 1924 : Caliphate abolished, completing the transition to modern Turkey.

Causes of Decline

The empire weakened from the late 17th century onward due to military losses (e.g., failed 1683 Vienna siege), economic strain, nationalism in Balkan territories, and WWI alliance with the Central Powers.

From internal strife to global war : Once spanning three continents, it became the "Sick Man of Europe" by the 19th century, losing 83% of European lands by 1913.

Modern Legacy

Turkey emerged as its successor state, with Atatürk's reforms secularizing and modernizing the nation—echoing today in regional geopolitics as of 2026.

"The formal abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate was performed... on 1 November 1922."

TL;DR : Fell November 1, 1922, via abolition of sultanate post-WWI.

Information gathered from public forums or data available on the internet and portrayed here.