The last Moorish ruler of Spain was Muhammad XII of Granada, better known by his Spanish nickname Boabdil.

Who he was

  • Muhammad XII (Boabdil) was the final Nasrid sultan of the Emirate of Granada, the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula.
  • He ruled in the late 15th century, when Christian kingdoms were finishing the Reconquista and closing nearly eight centuries of Islamic rule in Spain.

Fall of Granada in 1492

  • On January 2, 1492, Boabdil surrendered Granada and handed over the keys of the Alhambra to the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
  • This surrender marked the official end of Muslim political rule in Spain and is often seen as the symbolic conclusion of medieval Islamic Spain.

Names and numbering confusion

  • Some popular and forum sources sometimes call him Muhammad XI or Abu Abdallah Muhammad XI, but specialist historians and reference works identify him as Muhammad XII.
  • In Spanish and modern history writing he is almost always referred to simply as Boabdil, “the last king of Granada.”

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